# 7. Security und Stable Release Updates

## 7.1. Einen sicherheitstechnischen Fehler in Ubuntu beheben

### 7.1.1. Einleitung

Fixing security bugs in Ubuntu is not really any different than fixing a regular bug in Ubuntu, and it is assumed that you are familiar with patching normal bugs. To demonstrate where things are different, we will be updating the dbus package in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) for a security update.

### 7.1.2. Den Quelltext bekommen

In this example, we already know we want to fix the dbus package in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin). So first you need to determine the version of the package you want to download. We can use the `rmadison` to help with this:

    $ rmadison dbus | grep precise
    dbus | 1.4.18-1ubuntu1   | precise          | source, amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc
    dbus | 1.4.18-1ubuntu1.4 | precise-security | source, amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc
    dbus | 1.4.18-1ubuntu1.4 | precise-updates  | source, amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc

Typically you will want to choose the highest version for the release you want to patch that is not in -proposed or -backports. Since we are updating Precise’s dbus, you’ll download 1.4.18-1ubuntu1.4 from precise-updates:

    $ bzr branch ubuntu:precise-updates/dbus

### 7.1.3. Den Quelltext patchen

Now that we have the source package, we need to patch it to fix the vulnerability. You may use whatever patch method that is appropriate for the package, including UDD techniques, but this example will use `edit-patch` (from the ubuntu-dev-tools package). `edit-patch` is the easiest way to patch packages and it is basically a wrapper around every other patch system you can imagine.

Um einen Patch mit `edit-patch` anzulegen:

    $ cd dbus
    $ edit-patch 99-fix-a-vulnerability

This will apply the existing patches and put the packaging in a temporary directory. Now edit the files needed to fix the vulnerability. Often upstream will have provided a patch so you can apply that patch:

    $ patch -p1 < /home/user/dbus-vulnerability.diff

After making the necessary changes, you just hit Ctrl-D or type exit to leave the temporary shell.

### 7.1.4. Das Changelog und die Patches formatieren

After applying your patches you will want to update the changelog. The `dch` command is used to edit the `debian/changelog` file and `edit-patch` will launch `dch` automatically after un-applying all the patches. If you are not using `edit-patch`, you can launch `dch -i` manually. Unlike with regular patches, you should use the following format (note the distribution name uses precise-security since this is a security update for Precise) for security updates:

    dbus (1.4.18-2ubuntu1.5) precise-security; urgency=low

      * SECURITY UPDATE: [DESCRIBE VULNERABILITY HERE]
        - debian/patches/99-fix-a-vulnerability.patch: [DESCRIBE CHANGES HERE]
        - [CVE IDENTIFIER]
        - [LINK TO UPSTREAM BUG OR SECURITY NOTICE]
        - LP: #[BUG NUMBER]
    ...

Update your patch to use the appropriate patch tags. Your patch should have at a minimum the Origin, Description and Bug-Ubuntu tags. For example, edit debian/patches/99-fix-a-vulnerability.patch to have something like:

    ## Description: [DESCRIBE VULNERABILITY HERE]
    ## Origin/Author: [COMMIT ID, URL OR EMAIL ADDRESS OF AUTHOR]
    ## Bug: [UPSTREAM BUG URL]
    ## Bug-Ubuntu: https://launchpad.net/bugs/[BUG NUMBER]
    Index: dbus-1.4.18/dbus/dbus-marshal-validate.c
    ...

Multiple vulnerabilities can be fixed in the same security upload; just be sure to use different patches for different vulnerabilities.

### 7.1.5. Deine Arbeit testen und einsenden

At this point the process is the same as for fixing a regular bug in Ubuntu. Specifically, you will want to:

> 1. Build your package and verify that it compiles without error and without any added compiler warnings
> 2. Upgrade to the new version of the package from the previous version
> 3. Test that the new package fixes the vulnerability and does not introduce any regressions
> 4. Submit your work via a Launchpad merge proposal and file a Launchpad bug being sure to mark the bug as a security bug and to subscribe `ubuntu-security-sponsors`

If the security vulnerability is not yet public then do not file a merge proposal and ensure you mark the bug as private.

The filed bug should include a Test Case, i.e. a comment which clearly shows how to recreate the bug by running the old version then how to ensure the bug no longer exists in the new version.

The bug report should also confirm that the issue is fixed in Ubuntu versions newer than the one with the proposed fix (in the above example newer than Precise). If the issue is not fixed in newer Ubuntu versions you should prepare updates for those versions too.

## 7.2. Updates fuer stabile Releases

We also allow updates to releases where a package has a high impact bug such as a severe regression from a previous release or a bug which could cause data loss. Due to the potential for such updates to themselves introduce bugs we only allow this where the change can be easily understood and verified.

The process for Stable Release Updates is just the same as the process for security bugs except you should subscribe `ubuntu-sru` to the bug.

The update will go into the `proposed` archive (for example `precise-proposed`) where it will need to be checked that it fixes the problem and does not introduce new problems. After a week without reported problems it can be moved to `updates`.

Für weitere Informationen besuche die ‘Stable Release Updates wiki’ Seite.