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# ``twisted`.`web`.`http`.`Request``

class documentation

`class Request: (source)`

Known subclasses: `twisted.web.proxy.ProxyRequest`, `twisted.web.proxy.ReverseProxyRequest`, `twisted.web.server.Request`

Implements interfaces: `twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer`, `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

View In Hierarchy

A HTTP request.

Subclasses should override the process() method to determine how the request will be processed.

Method | `__eq__` | Determines if two requests are the same object.
Method | `__hash__` | A `Request` is hashable so that it can be used as a mapping key.
Method | `__init__` | No summary
Method | `__repr__` | Return a string description of the request including such information as the request method and request URI.
Method | `addCookie` | Set an outgoing HTTP cookie.
Method | `connectionLost` | There is no longer a connection for this request to respond over. Clean up anything which can't be useful anymore.
Method | `finish` | Indicate that all response data has been written to this `Request`.
Method | `getAllHeaders` | Return dictionary mapping the names of all received headers to the last value received for each.
Method | `getClientAddress` | Return the address of the client who submitted this request.
Method | `getClientIP` | Return the IP address of the client who submitted this request.
Method | `getCookie` | Get a cookie that was sent from the network.
Method | `getHeader` | Get an HTTP request header.
Method | `getHost` | Get my originally requesting transport's host.
Method | `getPassword` | Return the HTTP password sent with this request, if any.
Method | `getRequestHostname` | Get the hostname that the HTTP client passed in to the request.
Method | `getUser` | Return the HTTP user sent with this request, if any.
Method | `gotLength` | Called when HTTP channel got length of content in this request.
Method | `handleContentChunk` | Write a chunk of data.
Method | `isSecure` | Return `True` if this request is using a secure transport.
Method | `loseConnection` | Pass the loseConnection through to the underlying channel.
Method | `noLongerQueued` | Notify the object that it is no longer queued.
Method | `notifyFinish` | Notify when the response to this request has finished.
Method | `parseCookies` | Parse cookie headers.
Method | `process` | Override in subclasses.
Method | `redirect` | Utility function that does a redirect.
Method | `registerProducer` | Register a producer.
Method | `requestReceived` | Called by channel when all data has been received.
Method | `setETag` | Set an `entity tag` for the outgoing response.
Method | `setHeader` | Set an HTTP response header. Overrides any previously set values for this header.
Method | `setHost` | Change the host and port the request thinks it's using.
Method | `setLastModified` | Set the `Last-Modified` time for the response to this request.
Method | `setResponseCode` | Set the HTTP response code.
Method | `unregisterProducer` | Unregister the producer.
Method | `write` | Write some data as a result of an HTTP request. The first time this is called, it writes out response data.
Instance Variable | `args` | A mapping of decoded query argument names as `bytes` to corresponding query argument values as `list`s of `bytes`. For example, for a URI with `foo=bar&foo=baz&quux=spam` as its query part `args` will be `{b'foo': [b'bar', b'baz'], b'quux': [b'spam']}`...
Instance Variable | `channel` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `chunked` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `client` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `clientproto` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `code` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `code_message` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `content` | A file-like object giving the request body. This may be a file on disk, an `io.BytesIO`, or some other type. The implementation is free to decide on a per-request basis.
Instance Variable | `cookies` | The cookies that will be sent in the response.
Instance Variable | `etag` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `finished` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `host` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `lastModified` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `method` | The HTTP method that was used, e.g. `b'GET'`.
Instance Variable | `notifications` | A `list` of `Deferred`s which are waiting for notification that the response to this request has been finished (successfully or with an error). Don't use this attribute directly, instead use the `Request.notifyFinish`...
Instance Variable | `password` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `path` | The encoded path of the request URI (not including query arguments), e.g. `b'/a/b%20/c'`.
Instance Variable | `producer` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `queued` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `received_cookies` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `requestHeaders` | All received HTTP request headers.
Instance Variable | `responseHeaders` | All HTTP response headers to be sent.
Instance Variable | `sentLength` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `startedWriting` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `streamingProducer` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `transport` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `uri` | The full encoded URI which was requested (including query arguments), e.g. `b'/a/b%20/c?q=v'`.
Instance Variable | `user` | Undocumented
Method | `_authorize` | Undocumented
Method | `_cleanup` | Called when have finished responding and are no longer queued.
Instance Variable | `_disconnected` | A flag which is `False` until the connection over which this request was received is closed and which is `True` after that.
Instance Variable | `_forceSSL` | Undocumented
Instance Variable | `_log` | A logger instance for request related messages.

def __eq__(self, other): (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

Determines if two requests are the same object.

Parameters
other:`object` | Another object whose identity will be compared to this instance's.
Returns
`bool` | `True` when the two are the same object and `False` when not.

def __hash__(self): (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

A `Request` is hashable so that it can be used as a mapping key.

Returns
A `int` based on the instance's identity.

def __init__(self, channel, queued=_QUEUED_SENTINEL): (source)
overridden in `twisted.web.proxy.ProxyRequest`, `twisted.web.proxy.ReverseProxyRequest`, `twisted.web.server.Request`

Parameters
channel | the channel we're connected to.
queued | (deprecated) are we in the request queue, or can we start writing to the transport?

def __repr__(self): (source)

Return a string description of the request including such information as the request method and request URI.

Returns
`str` | A string loosely describing this `Request` object.

def addCookie(self, k, v, expires=None, domain=None, path=None, max_age=None, comment=None, secure=None, httpOnly=False, sameSite=None): (source)

Set an outgoing HTTP cookie.

In general, you should consider using sessions instead of cookies, see `twisted.web.server.Request.getSession` and the `twisted.web.server.Session` class for details.

Parameters
k:`bytes` or `str` | cookie name
v:`bytes` or `str` | cookie value
expires:`bytes` or `str` | cookie expire attribute value in "Wdy, DD Mon YYYY HH:MM:SS GMT" format
domain:`bytes` or `str` | cookie domain
path:`bytes` or `str` | cookie path
max_age:`bytes` or `str` | cookie expiration in seconds from reception
comment:`bytes` or `str` | cookie comment
secure:`bool` | direct browser to send the cookie on encrypted connections only
httpOnly:`bool` | direct browser not to expose cookies through channels other than HTTP (and HTTPS) requests
sameSite:`None`, `bytes` or `str` | One of `None` (default), `'lax'` or `'strict'`. Direct browsers not to send this cookie on cross-origin requests. Please see: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-west-first-party-cookies-07
Raises
`ValueError` | If the value for `sameSite` is not supported.

def connectionLost(self, reason): (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

There is no longer a connection for this request to respond over. Clean up anything which can't be useful anymore.

def finish(self): (source)
overridden in `twisted.web.server.Request`

Indicate that all response data has been written to this `Request`.

def getAllHeaders(self): (source)

Return dictionary mapping the names of all received headers to the last value received for each.

Since this method does not return all header information, `self.requestHeaders.getAllRawHeaders()` may be preferred.

def getClientAddress(self): (source)

Return the address of the client who submitted this request.

This may not be a network address (e.g., a server listening on a UNIX domain socket will cause this to return `UNIXAddress`). Callers must check the type of the returned address.

Returns
`IAddress` | the client's address.
Present Since
18.4

def getClientIP(self): (source)
Deprecated since version 18.4.0: `getClientIP` was deprecated in Twisted 18.4.0; please use `getClientAddress` instead.

Return the IP address of the client who submitted this request.

This method is deprecated. Use `getClientAddress` instead.

Returns
`str` | the client IP address

def getCookie(self, key): (source)

Get a cookie that was sent from the network.

Parameters
key:`bytes` | The name of the cookie to get.
Returns
`bytes` or `None` | The value of the specified cookie, or `None` if that cookie was not present in the request.

def getHeader(self, key): (source)

Get an HTTP request header.

Parameters
key:`bytes` or `str` | The name of the header to get the value of.
Returns
`bytes` or `str` or `None` | The value of the specified header, or `None` if that header was not present in the request. The string type of the result matches the type of `key`.

def getHost(self): (source)

Get my originally requesting transport's host.

Don't rely on the 'transport' attribute, since Request objects may be copied remotely. For information on this method's return value, see `twisted.internet.tcp.Port`.

def getPassword(self): (source)

Return the HTTP password sent with this request, if any.

If no password was supplied, return the empty string.

Returns
`bytes` | the HTTP password, if any

def getRequestHostname(self): (source)

Get the hostname that the HTTP client passed in to the request.

Returns
`bytes` | the requested hostname
See Also
`IRequest.getRequestHostname`

def getUser(self): (source)

Return the HTTP user sent with this request, if any.

If no user was supplied, return the empty string.

Returns
`bytes` | the HTTP user, if any

def gotLength(self, length): (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`
overridden in `twisted.web.server.Request`

Called when HTTP channel got length of content in this request.

This method is not intended for users.

Parameters
length | The length of the request body, as indicated by the request headers. `None` if the request headers do not indicate a length.

def handleContentChunk(self, data): (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

Write a chunk of data.

This method is not intended for users.

def isSecure(self): (source)

Return `True` if this request is using a secure transport.

Normally this method returns `True` if this request's `HTTPChannel` instance is using a transport that implements `interfaces.ISSLTransport`.

This will also return `True` if `Request.setHost` has been called with `ssl=True`.

Returns
`bool` | `True` if this request is secure

def loseConnection(self): (source)

Pass the loseConnection through to the underlying channel.

def noLongerQueued(self): (source)
Deprecated since version 16.3.0: `noLongerQueued` was deprecated in Twisted 16.3.0.

Notify the object that it is no longer queued.

We start writing whatever data we have to the transport, etc.

This method is not intended for users.

In 16.3 this method was changed to become a no-op, as `Request` objects are now never queued.

def notifyFinish(self): (source)

Notify when the response to this request has finished.

Returns
`Deferred` | A `Deferred` which will be triggered when the request is finished -- with a `None` value if the request finishes successfully or with an error if the request is interrupted by an error (for example, the client closing the connection prematurely).
Note

There are some caveats around the reliability of the delivery of this notification.

1. If this `Request`'s channel is paused, the notification will not be delivered. This can happen in one of two ways; either you can call `request.transport.pauseProducing` yourself, or,
2. In order to deliver this notification promptly when a client disconnects, the reactor must continue reading from the transport, so that it can tell when the underlying network connection has gone away. Twisted Web will only keep reading up until a finite (small) maximum buffer size before it gives up and pauses the transport itself. If this occurs, you will not discover that the connection has gone away until a timeout fires or until the application attempts to send some data via `Request.write`.
3. It is theoretically impossible to distinguish between successfully sending a response and the peer successfully receiving it. There are several networking edge cases where the `Deferred`s returned by `notifyFinish` will indicate success, but the data will never be received. There are also edge cases where the connection will appear to fail, but in reality the response was delivered. As a result, the information provided by the result of the `Deferred`s returned by this method should be treated as a guess; do not make critical decisions in your applications based upon it.

def parseCookies(self): (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

Parse cookie headers.

This method is not intended for users.

def process(self): (source)
overridden in `twisted.web.proxy.ProxyRequest`, `twisted.web.proxy.ReverseProxyRequest`, `twisted.web.server.Request`

Override in subclasses.

This method is not intended for users.

def redirect(self, url): (source)

Utility function that does a redirect.

Set the response code to `FOUND` and the Location header to the given URL.

The request should have `finish()` called after this.

Parameters
url:`bytes` or `str` | Location header value.

def registerProducer(self, producer, streaming): (source)
from `twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer`
overridden in `twisted.web.distrib.Request`

Register a producer.

def requestReceived(self, command, path, version): (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

Called by channel when all data has been received.

This method is not intended for users.

Parameters
command:`bytes` | The HTTP verb of this request. This has the case supplied by the client (eg, it maybe "get" rather than "GET").
path:`bytes` | The URI of this request.
version:`bytes` | The HTTP version of this request.

def setETag(self, etag): (source)

Set an `entity tag` for the outgoing response.

That's "entity tag" as in the HTTP/1.1 `ETag` header, "used for comparing two or more entities from the same requested resource."

If I am a conditional request, I may modify my response code to `NOT_MODIFIED` or `PRECONDITION_FAILED`, if appropriate for the tag given.

Parameters
etag:string | The entity tag for the resource being returned.
Returns
If I am a `If-None-Match` conditional request and the tag matches one in the request, I return `http.CACHED` to indicate that you should write no body. Otherwise, I return a false value.

def setHeader(self, name, value): (source)

Set an HTTP response header. Overrides any previously set values for this header.

Parameters
name:`bytes` or `str` | The name of the header for which to set the value.
value:`bytes` or `str` | The value to set for the named header. A `str` will be UTF-8 encoded, which may not interoperable with other implementations. Avoid passing non-ASCII characters if possible.

def setHost(self, host, port, ssl=0): (source)

Change the host and port the request thinks it's using.

This method is useful for working with reverse HTTP proxies (e.g. both Squid and Apache's mod_proxy can do this), when the address the HTTP client is using is different than the one we're listening on.

For example, Apache may be listening on https://www.example.com/, and then forwarding requests to http://localhost:8080/, but we don't want HTML produced by Twisted to say b'http://localhost:8080/', they should say b'https://www.example.com/', so we do:

       request.setHost(b'www.example.com', 443, ssl=1)

Parameters
host:`bytes` | The value to which to change the host header.
port | Undocumented
ssl:`bool` | A flag which, if `True`, indicates that the request is considered secure (if `True`, `isSecure` will return `True`).

def setLastModified(self, when): (source)

Set the `Last-Modified` time for the response to this request.

If I am called more than once, I ignore attempts to set Last-Modified earlier, only replacing the Last-Modified time if it is to a later value.

If I am a conditional request, I may modify my response code to `NOT_MODIFIED` if appropriate for the time given.

Parameters
when:number | The last time the resource being returned was modified, in seconds since the epoch.
Returns
If I am a If-Modified-Since conditional request and the time given is not newer than the condition, I return `http.CACHED` to indicate that you should write no body. Otherwise, I return a false value.

def setResponseCode(self, code, message=None): (source)

Set the HTTP response code.

Parameters
code:`int` | Undocumented
message:`bytes` | Undocumented

def unregisterProducer(self): (source)
from `twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer`
overridden in `twisted.web.distrib.Request`

Unregister the producer.

def write(self, data): (source)
from `twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer`
overridden in `twisted.web.server.Request`

Write some data as a result of an HTTP request. The first time this is called, it writes out response data.

Parameters
data:`bytes` | Some bytes to be sent as part of the response body.

args: `dict` of `bytes` to `list` of `bytes` = (source)

A mapping of decoded query argument names as `bytes` to corresponding query argument values as `list`s of `bytes`. For example, for a URI with `foo=bar&foo=baz&quux=spam` as its query part `args` will be `{b'foo': [b'bar', b'baz'], b'quux': [b'spam']}`.

channel = (source)

Undocumented

chunked: `int` = (source)

Undocumented

client = (source)

Undocumented

clientproto = (source)

Undocumented

code = (source)

Undocumented

code_message = (source)

Undocumented

content: `typing.BinaryIO` = (source)
overridden in `twisted.web.distrib.Request`

A file-like object giving the request body. This may be a file on disk, an `io.BytesIO`, or some other type. The implementation is free to decide on a per-request basis.

cookies: `list` of `bytes` = (source)

The cookies that will be sent in the response.

etag = (source)

Undocumented

finished: `int` = (source)

Undocumented

host = (source)

Undocumented

lastModified = (source)

Undocumented

method: `bytes` = (source)

The HTTP method that was used, e.g. `b'GET'`.

notifications: `list` = (source)

A `list` of `Deferred`s which are waiting for notification that the response to this request has been finished (successfully or with an error). Don't use this attribute directly, instead use the `Request.notifyFinish` method.

password = (source)

Undocumented

path: `bytes` = (source)

The encoded path of the request URI (not including query arguments), e.g. `b'/a/b%20/c'`.

producer = (source)

Undocumented

queued = (source)

Undocumented

received_cookies: `dict` = (source)

Undocumented

requestHeaders: `http_headers.Headers` = (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

All received HTTP request headers.

responseHeaders: `http_headers.Headers` = (source)
from `twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface`

All HTTP response headers to be sent.

sentLength = (source)

Undocumented

startedWriting: `int` = (source)

Undocumented

streamingProducer = (source)

Undocumented

transport = (source)

Undocumented

uri: `bytes` = (source)

The full encoded URI which was requested (including query arguments), e.g. `b'/a/b%20/c?q=v'`.

user = (source)

Undocumented

def _authorize(self): (source)

Undocumented

def _cleanup(self): (source)

Called when have finished responding and are no longer queued.

_disconnected: `bool` = (source)

A flag which is `False` until the connection over which this request was received is closed and which is `True` after that.

_forceSSL = (source)

Undocumented

_log: `twisted.logger.Logger` = (source)
overridden in `twisted.web.server.Request`

A logger instance for request related messages.